Black churches

• 1794: Black churches become hubs of activism 

• 1796: African American mutual aid group founded 

• 1811: Lewis Hayden: Leading abolitionist, state politician 

• 1816: "Fantasy" scheme to preserve U.S. slavery launched 

• 1822: Thirty-six hanged after foiled revolt 

• 1825: March Haynes: Freedom guide, key Union spy 

• 1826: New group fosters Black abolitionist movement 

• 1829: Walker's Appeal: A rallying cry for Black Americans 

• 1832: Regional anti-slavery society birthed in Boston 

• 1834: White mobs riot, rampage in two cities 

• 1841: First history of Black people in U.S. published 

• 1847: Preacher defies law, creates steamboat school

• 1854: Court case boosts anti-slavery sentiment 

• 1860: Boston mob disrupts meeting to honor John Brown 

• 1862: Lincoln to Black leaders: "Your people should live elsewhere" 

• 1862: Clergymen push for freedom edict 

• 1862: Lincoln declares freedom for all 

• 1863: Lincoln issues Final Emancipation Proclamation 

• 1863: Abraham Galloway: Militant activist, Union spy, civil rights leader 

• 1863: Anti-Black racism fuels deadly draft riots 

• 1865: March honors fallen Union war captives 

• 1865: KKK founded; will boast over 500,000 New England members in 1920s