Lynchings, massacres, and violent punishments

• 1492: Columbus leads the way: Enslavement, slaughter, and land theft  

• 1607: Colonists make war to "christianize" Native people  

• 1622: Powhatan kills settlers to stop theft of tribal lands  

• 1662: Racist laws reward rape of enslaved  

• 1669: Virginia makes killing enslaved people legal  

• 1676: Executions portend broad assault on Indigenous peoples  

• 1741: New York "slave plot" brutally suppressed  

• 1755: Cash for scalps = license to kill Indians  

• 1755: Poison is tool of resistance and revenge  

• 1811: Largest Rebellion crushed but inspires others  

• 1816: Revolts advance abolition cause in British empire  

• 1822: Thirty-six hanged after revolt plan foiled  

• 1831: Militias, mobs slaughter Black people after revolt 

• 1831-1832: Brutal crackdown after Jamaica revolt sparks outcry  

• 1833: Native leader designates "Days of Mourning" to mark colonists' arrival  

• 1836-1837: Pro-slavery mobs kill abolitionist publishers  

• 1837: First college for Black students founded  

• 1849: Mexico: Freedom for escapees at a price  

• 1856: White supremacists ravage anti-slavery bastion  

• 1860: Abolitionist plot rumors spark deadly rampage  

• 1862 Ida B. Wells: Exposes lynching horrors with the "light of truth"

• 1862: U.S. hangs 38 Dakota for alleged war crimes  

• 1863: Tour raises funds for freedmen schools  

• 1863: Anti-Black racism fuels deadly draft riots  

• 1864: Gavel made from whipping post gifted to activists  

• 1864: U.S. soldiers kill, rape Native people promised asylum  

• 1865: KKK founded; will boast over 500,000 New England members in 1920s  

• 1865-1866: Black Codes: Slavery by another name